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Djibouti City ((アラビア語:جيبوتي), (フランス語:Ville de Djibouti), (ソマリ語:''Magaalada Jabuuti''), (アファル語:Gabuuti)) is the capital and largest city of Djibouti, which is named after it. It is located in the coastal Djibouti Region on the Gulf of Tadjoura. Home to around 600,000 inhabitants, the city contains over 60% of the nation's population. The settlement was founded in 1888 by the French, on land leased from the ruling Somali and Afar Sultans. During the ensuing period, it served as the capital of French Somaliland and its successor the French Territory of the Afars and Issas. Known as the ''Pearl of the Gulf of Tadjoura'' due to its location, Djibouti city is strategically positioned near the world's busiest shipping lanes and acts as a refueling and transshipment center. The Port of Djibouti is the principal maritime port for imports to and exports from neighboring Ethiopia. Additionally, the city hosts a number of foreign embassies, and is the headquarters of many international organizations, non-profit organizations and companies. Djibouti-Ambouli International Airport is the main domestic airport, connecting the capital to various major global destinations. ==History== From 1862 until 1894, the land to the north of the Gulf of Tadjoura was called "Obock". It was ruled by Somali and Afar Sultans, local authorities with whom France signed various treaties between 1883 and 1887 to first gain a foothold in the region.〔Raph Uwechue, ''Africa year book and who's who'', (Africa Journal Ltd.: 1977), p.209.〕〔Hugh Chisholm (ed.) The ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 11th ed., Vol. 25, p. 383. 1911.〕〔''A Political Chronology of Africa'', (Taylor & Francis), p.132.〕 The French subsequently founded Djibouti City in 1888, in a previously uninhabited stretch of coast. In 1896, the settlement was made the capital of French Somaliland.〔World Book, Inc, ''The World Book Encyclopedia'', Volume 1, (World Book: 2007)〕 The city later grew considerably in size following the construction of the Imperial Ethiopian Railway. It at the time had a population of 15,000 residents,〔"Jibuti" (Djibouti ) in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 11th ed., Vol. 15. 1911.〕 exceeding the population of all cities in neighbouring Ethiopia except Harar.〔"Abyssinia" in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 11th ed., Vol. 1. 1911.〕 Although the initial company failed and required a government bailout to avoid falling under British administration,〔 the Franco-Ethiopian Railroad itself was a success and allowed Djibouti city's commerce to quickly eclipse the former caravan-based trade carried on with nearby Zeila in British Somaliland.〔"Zaila" (Zeila ) in the ''Encyclopædia Britannica'' 11th ed., Vol. 28. 1911.〕 Djibouti became the center of exports from southern Ethiopia and the Ogaden, including trade in Harari coffee and khat.〔 When Germany invaded France in 1940, Djibouti fell under the control of the Axis-allied Vichy French. In response, the United Kingdom closed the port, but it could not prevent local French from providing information on the passing ship convoys. In December 1942, about 4,000 British troops occupied the town. Djibouti city had about 22,046 residents. By 1940 there were 26,987 residents and by 1950 the population has grown to 34,564. It then became the headquarters of the succeeding French Territory of the Afars and Issas. Since independence in 1977, the city has served as the administrative and commercial capital of the Republic of Djibouti. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Djibouti (city)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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